Imigrace

Reasons for immigration may be different. Likewise, it is necessary to distinguish different types of immigration from different angles. The basic division is in terms of geographical unit (country, region or city) to the internal and external migration. If we consider the state as a territorial unit we are talking about foreign migration (external), or a move within the state which is known as internal migration. Another possible division of the immigration would be a subdivision of involuntary migration (forced, violent) and voluntary migration (demanded) that follows an initiative of immigrants. Cases of involuntary migration in the past were primarily the movement of slaves and convicts. In more recent history it has been a witness to the involuntary migration of Germans forcedly expelled from Czechoslovakia after World War II. Immigration is generally divided by experts into four basic types: permanent migration, labor migration, refugee movements and illegal migration.

Immigrants can also be divided into several groups. Based on many years of experience with immigrants experts have distinguish four groups of immigrants. These groups cover the whole spectrum of reasons that lead immigrants to leave their country:

Legally admitted immigrants

Since immigrants are legally accepted by the destination state they are expected to remain in the country, to settle permanently and are admitted under the strict immigration rules of the state programs. In addition to immigrants their family members are also admitted. Usually this applies to immigrants with professional qualifications and skills which make them desirable in the labor market.

Legally admitted immigrants temporary

This group includes seasonal migrants, who are aiming for a specific labour opportunity (eg. construction workers, assembly workers). These are mostly semi-skilled or unskilled workers. However, this category also includes the inter-company transfers of personnel, field placements and similar occupations. They are mostly employees of international companies, who anticipate short-term employment or study in another country.

Illegal immigrants

The illegal immigrants are those whose entry or stay in the destination country is not approved and supported by the government. These immigrants are viewed as undesirable by the majority of the resident population.

Asylum seekers and refugees

Persons applying for refugee status in the destination country have become an asylum seeker. While refugees are defined according to the United Nations as persons, who were persecuted for reasons of race, religion, ethnic or political differences. They are therefore outside of their country and they can not or are afraid to return.